Foundations of Inference

Inference is an essential aspect of statistical analysis. Inference is the process of drawing conclusions out of data in order to draw conclusions about a larger population. This is a common practice, even though it might seem counterintuitive. We could conclude that the same treatment will lead to equal survival rates to show that it is superior in medicine. This assumption will be disproved by the data. A "p-value" is the agreement level between the data and the hypothesis. We also discuss confidence intervals, which can be used to measure the effect. Which treatment is more effective?